{"id":54793,"date":"2020-10-13T14:56:47","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T09:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/?p=54793"},"modified":"2026-02-27T17:52:35","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T12:22:35","slug":"ab-testing-is-like-chess","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/ab-testing-is-like-chess\/","title":{"rendered":"A\/B Testing Is Like Chess"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f8f3f3\"><em>Hi ? I am&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/paraschopra\">Paras Chopra<\/a>, founder &amp; chairman of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vwo.com\/\">VWO<\/a>. Hope you are finding my fortnightly posts outlining<a href=\"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/letters-from-the-founder\/\"> a new idea or a story&nbsp;<\/a>on experimentation and growth<\/em> useful. Here is the 4th letter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The rules of chess are easy to remember: a pawn moves one step forward, the queen can go anywhere and the end goal of the game is to protect the king. Once you remember the rules, the game is easy to set up and fun to play.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But being easy in principle doesn\u2019t mean it\u2019s also easy in practice. Truly mastering chess can take decades of daily practice and requires memorizing thousands of nuances about opening moves, closing moves, and opponent strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vwo.com\/ab-testing\/#guide-download\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Download Free: A\/B Testing Guide<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vwo.com\/ab-testing\/\">A\/B testing<\/a> is very similar to chess in <em>that<\/em> sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1901\" height=\"1060\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wingify.com\/gcp\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/10\/A-B-testing-is-like-chess-2.png\" alt=\"A B Testing Is Like Chess \" class=\"wp-image-54810\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.wingify.com\/gcp\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/10\/A-B-testing-is-like-chess-2.png 1901w, https:\/\/static.wingify.com\/gcp\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/10\/A-B-testing-is-like-chess-2.png?tr=w-1600 1600w, https:\/\/static.wingify.com\/gcp\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/10\/A-B-testing-is-like-chess-2.png?tr=w-1366 1366w, https:\/\/static.wingify.com\/gcp\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/10\/A-B-testing-is-like-chess-2.png?tr=w-1024 1024w, https:\/\/static.wingify.com\/gcp\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/10\/A-B-testing-is-like-chess-2.png?tr=w-768 768w, https:\/\/static.wingify.com\/gcp\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/10\/A-B-testing-is-like-chess-2.png?tr=w-640 640w, https:\/\/static.wingify.com\/gcp\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/10\/A-B-testing-is-like-chess-2.png?tr=w-375 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1901px) 100vw, 1901px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In principle, <a href=\"https:\/\/vwo.com\/ab-testing\/\">A\/B testing<\/a> is simple: you have two variations, each of which gets equal traffic. You measure how they perform on various metrics. The one that performs better gets adopted permanently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, however, each word in the previous paragraph deserves a book-length treatment. Consider unpacking questions like:<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"js-cro-guide-subheading gtm_heading \" data-level=\"level1\" data-menu=\"1\/ What is \u201ctraffic\u201d in an experiment?\" id=\"1-what-is-traffic-in-an-experiment\" data-menu-id=\"1-what-is-traffic-in-an-experiment\" style=\"text-align:left\"><strong>1\/ What is \u201ctraffic\u201d in an experiment?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Is it visitors, users, pageviews, or something else? If it is visitors, what kinds of visitors? Should you include all visitors on the page being tested, or should you only include the visitors for whom the changes being tested are most relevant?<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"js-cro-guide-subheading gtm_heading \" data-level=\"level1\" data-menu=\"2\/ What is \u201cmeasurement\u201d in an experiment?\" id=\"2-what-is-measurement-in-an-experiment\" data-menu-id=\"2-what-is-measurement-in-an-experiment\" style=\"text-align:left\"><strong>2\/ What is \u201cmeasurement\u201d in an experiment?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>If a user landed on your page and did not convert, when do you mark it as non-conversion? What if the user converts <em>after<\/em> you\u2019ve marked it as non-conversion? How do you accommodate refunds? If different user groups have markedly different conversion behavior, does it even make sense to group them during measurement? If you group them, how do you deal with <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simpson%27s_paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Simpson\u2019s paradox<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"js-cro-guide-subheading gtm_heading \" data-level=\"level1\" data-menu=\"3\/ What types of \u201cvarious metrics\u201d should you measure?\" id=\"3-what-types-of-various-metrics-should-you-measure\" data-menu-id=\"3-what-types-of-various-metrics-should-you-measure\" style=\"text-align:left\"><strong>3\/ What types of \u201cvarious metrics\u201d should you measure?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Should you have one metric to measure the performance of variations, or should you have multiple? If you measure revenue, should you measure average revenue per visitor, average revenue per conversion, 90th percentile revenue, frequency of revenue, or all of them? Should you remove outliers from your data or not?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vwo.com\/ab-testing\/#guide-download\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Download Free: A\/B Testing Guide<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"js-cro-guide-subheading gtm_heading \" data-level=\"level1\" data-menu=\"4\/ What does \u201cperform better\u201d mean?\" id=\"4-what-does-perform-better-mean\" data-menu-id=\"4-what-does-perform-better-mean\" style=\"text-align:left\"><strong>4\/ What does \u201cperform better\u201d mean?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Is 95% statistical significance good enough? What if it is 94%? What if the new variation is not performing significantly better but feels it should? Do you take a bet on those? What if one metric improved but another that should have improved as well actually became worse? How real is <a href=\"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/twyman-law\/\">Tyman\u2019s law<\/a>, which states that extreme improvements are usually due to instrumentation effort?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the skeptic, these questions may seem like a needless pedantic exercise. But, without rigor, why bother doing A\/B testing in the first place?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nobody likes their ideas, and efforts go to waste, so we latch onto any glimmer of success we see in our A\/B tests. It\u2019s relatively easy to get successful A\/B tests because it presents many avenues for misinterpretation to a motivated seeker. It\u2019s only human to be biased.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But because of this lack of rigor in A\/B testing, <strong>many organizations that get spectacular results from their A\/B tests fail to see an impact on their business<\/strong>. Contrast this with organizations who take their experimentation seriously: <a href=\"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/how-to-run-25000-a-b-tests\/\">Booking.com<\/a>, AirBnB, Microsoft, Netflix, and many other companies with a <a href=\"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/build-a-culture-of-experimentation\/\">culture of experimentation<\/a> know that getting good at A\/B testing takes deliberate commitment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, next time someone tells you that A\/B testing doesn\u2019t work, remind yourself that it\u2019s like saying chess is a boring game just because you\u2019re not good at it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you enjoyed reading my letter, do send me a note with your thoughts at paras@vwo.com. I read and reply to all emails ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The rules of chess are easy to remember: a pawn moves one step forward, the queen can go anywhere and the end goal of the game<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":55809,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"post_read_time":3,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10185],"tags":[],"feature":[1852,10526],"industry-type":[],"product":[],"role":[],"region":[],"class_list":["post-54793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-letters-from-the-founder","feature-ab-testing","feature-experimentation-platform"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A\/B Testing is Like Chess | Letters From The Founder | VWO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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I have a background in machine learning and am a gold medalist from Delhi College of Engineering. I have been featured twice in the Forbes 30 under 30 list - India and Asia. I'm an entrepreneur by profession and my curiosity is wide-ranging. Follow me at @paraschopra on Twitter. You can email me at paras@wingify.com","sameAs":["https:\/\/invertedpassion.com\/","https:\/\/in.linkedin.com\/in\/paraschopra","https:\/\/x.com\/paraschopra"],"url":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/author\/paraschopra\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54793"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":106471,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54793\/revisions\/106471"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55809"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54793"},{"taxonomy":"feature","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/feature?post=54793"},{"taxonomy":"industry-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry-type?post=54793"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=54793"},{"taxonomy":"role","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/role?post=54793"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vwo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=54793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}